Biography of Marcel Duchamp, Modern Art Revolutionary

The French-American artist Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968) was an innovator, working across mediums such as painting, sculpture, collages, short films, body art, and found objects. Known as both a pioneer and a troublemaker, Duchamp is associated with several modern art movements, including  Dadaism,  Cubism, and  Surrealism, and is credited for paving the way for  Pop,  Minimal, and Conceptual art. Fast Facts: Marcel Duchamp Full Name: Marcel Duchamp, also known as Rrose Sà ©lavyOccupation: ArtistBorn:  July 28, 1887 in Blainville, Normandy, FranceParents Names: Eugene and Lucie DuchampDied: October 2, 1968 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, FranceEducation: One year of school at the Ecole des Beaux Artes in Paris (flunked out)Famous Quotes: The painting is no longer a decoration to be hung in the dining room or living room. We have thought of other things to use as decoration. Early Years Duchamp was born on July 28, 1887, the fourth child of seven born to Lucie and Eugene Duchamp. His father was a notary, but there was art in the family. Two of Duchamps elder brothers were successful artists: the painter Jacques Villon (1875–1963) and the sculptor Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876–1918). In addition, Duchamps mother Lucie was an amateur artist and his grandfather was an engraver. When Duchamp came of age, Eugene willingly supported his son Marcels career in art. Duchamp made his first painting,  Church in Blainville, at  the age of 15, and  enrolled in the Academie Jullian at Pariss École des Beaux-Arts. In a series of interviews published after his death, Duchamp is quoted as saying he couldnt remember any of the teachers he had, and that he spent the mornings playing billiards rather than going to the studio. He ended up flunking out after one year. From Cubism to Dadaism to Surrealism Duchamps artistic life spanned several decades, during which he reinvented his art time and again, often offending critics sensibilities along the way. Duchamp spent most of those years alternating between Paris and New York. He mingled with the New York art scene, forging close friendships with American artist  Man Ray, historian Jacques Martin Barzun, writer Henri-Pierre Rochà ©, composer Edgar Varà ¨se, and painters Francisco Picabia and Jean Crotti, among others.   Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2 (1912). Public domain. ​ Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2)  deeply offended the Cubists, because although it selected the color palette and form of Cubism, it added a reference to explicit perpetual motion and was seen as a dehumanized rendering of the female nude. The painting also created a big scandal at the 1913 New York Armory Show of Europe, after which Duchamp was heartily embraced by the New York crowd of Dadaists. Marcel Duchamp, Bicycle Wheel (1913). Dan Kitwood / Getty Images Bicycle Wheel  (1913) was the first of Duchamps readymades: primarily manufactured objects with one or two minor tweaks to the form. In Bicycle Wheel, the fork and wheel of a bicycle are mounted on a stool. The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even  or  The Large Glass  (1915–1923) is a two-paned glass window with an image assembled out of lead foil, fuse wire, and dust. The upper panel illustrates an insect-like bride and the lower panel features the silhouettes of nine suitors, shooting their attention in her direction. The work broke during shipment in 1926; Duchamp repaired it about a decade later, saying, Its a lot better with the breaks. DidBaroness Elsa SubmitThe Fountain? Marcel Duchamp, The Fountain (1916). Photographed by Alfred Stieglitz. Public domain. There is a rumor that  The Fountain  was not submitted to New York Independents Art Show by Duchamp, but rather by the Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, another Dada artist who played with gender and performance art and was among the more outrageous characters of the New York art scene. While the original is long gone, there are 17 copies in different museums around the world, all assigned to Duchamp. After Renouncing Art Marcel Duchamp, Etant donnes (1946-1966). Mixed media assemblage.  © Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris / Succession Marcel Duchamp. Fair use. In 1923, Duchamp publicly renounced art, saying he would spend his life on chess. He was very good at chess and was on several French chess tournament teams. More or less secretly, however, he continued work from 1923 to 1946 under the name Rrose Sà ©lavy. He also continued to produce readymades. Etant donnes  was Duchamps last work. He made it in secret and wanted it shown only after his death. The work consists of a wooden door set in a brick frame. Inside the door are two peepholes, through which the viewer can see a deeply disturbing scene of a naked woman lying on a bed of twigs and holding a lit gaslight. The Turkish artist Serkan Ãâ€"zkaya has suggested that the female figure in Etant donnes is, in some respects, a self-portrait of Duchamp, an idea also put forward in 2010 by artist Meeka Walsh in an essay in BorderCrossings.   Marriage andPersonal Life Duchamp described his mother as distant and cold and indifferent, and he felt that she preferred his younger sisters to him, a preference that had a profound effect on his self-esteem. Although he presented himself as cool and detached in interviews, some biographers believe that his art reflects the strenuous efforts he made to deal with his silent rage and unmet need for erotic closeness. Duchamp was married twice and had a long-term mistress. He also had a female alter ego, Rrose Sà ©lavy, whose name translates to Eros, such is life. Death and Legacy Marcel Duchamp died at his home in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France on October 2, 1968. He was buried in Rouen under the epitaph, Dailleurs, cest toujours les autres qui meurent (Besides, its always the others who die). To this day, he is remembered as one of the great innovators in modern art. He invented new ways of thinking about what art can be and radically transformed ideas about culture. Sources Cabanne, Pierre.  Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp. Trans. Padgett, Ron. London: Thames and Hudson, 1971. Print.Duchamp, Marcel, Rrose Sà ©lavy, and Ann Temkin. Of or By.  Grand Street  58 (1996): 57–72. Print.Frizzell, Nell. Duchamp and the Pissoir-Taking Sexual Politics of the Art World. The Guardian November 7 2014. Web.Giovanna, Zapperi. Marcel Duchamps Tonsure: Towards an Alternate Masculinity.  Oxford Art Journal  30.2 (2007): 291–303. Print.James, Carol Plyley. Marcel Duchamp, Naturalized American. The French Review 49.6 (1976): 1097–105. Print.Mershaw, Marc. Now You See Him, Now You Don’t: Duchamp From Beyond the Grave. The New York Times Sept. 29, 2017. Web.Paijmans, Door Theo. Het Urinoir Is Niet Van Duchamp (The iconic Fountain (1917) is not created by Marcel Duchamp).  See All This  10 (2018). Print.Pape, Gerard J. Marcel Duchamp.  American Imago  42.3 (1985): 255–67. Print.Rosenthal, Nan. Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968 ).  Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Metropolitan Museum 2004. Web.Spalding, Julian, and Glyn Thompson.  Did Marcel Duchamp Steal Elsas Urinal?  The Art Newspaper  262 (2014). Print.Speyer, A. James. Marcel Duchamp Exhibition.  Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago  (1973–1982) 68.1 (1974): 16–19. Print.Walsh, Meeka. The Gaze and the Guess: Fixing Identity in â€Å"Étant donnà ©s.† BorderCrossings 114. Web.

Essay on Aboriginal People of Canada - 1267 Words

Aboriginal People of Canada Over the past decades, Aboriginal people (the original people or indigenous occupants of a particular country), have been oppressed by the Canadian society and continue to live under racism resulting in gender/ class oppression. The history of Colonialism, and Capitalism has played a significant role in the construction and impact of how Aborignal people are treated and viewed presently in the Canadian society. The struggles, injustices, prejudice, and discrimination that have plagued Aboriginal peoples for more than three centuries are still grim realities today. The failures of Canadas racist policies toward Aboriginal peoples are reflected in the high levels of unemployment and poor education.†¦show more content†¦The British were interested in the production and circulation of fur as a commodity in the world market and were in need of labor. The Indians were the only available source of skilled labor, so they became part of the production process. From Colonialization, Capitalism came which resulted in the disintegration of communal and egalitarian societies that the indigenous created, which in turn, became the exploited labor force in the commodity production. European ethnocentrism and racism also affected patterns of Aboriginal socialization. Since most whites viewed all aspects of indigenous life to be culturally and morally inferior, missionaries made efforts to eliminate the egalitarianism customs of Aboriginal societies and to promote the norms of the dominant European patriarchal society. The perceived differences between men and women led to cultural genocide. Capitalism is an economic and social system that focuses on pursuit of profit. It has also involved the presence of exchange of goods for money or other goods, and the organization of production and distribution of goods . One example of this is the Hudsons Bay fur trade. 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Personal Reflection on Medication Error - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePersonal Reflection on Medication Error. Answer: Introduction This paper will discuss the personal reflection on the medication error. For this reflection the Gibbs reflective cycle will be used for the detailed analysis of the incident. Gibbs Reflective Cycle Description: The incident took place in the pediatric ward. The patient suffers from type 1 diabetes and his insulin was due at 10 am. Under the supervision of the registered nurse /I was asked to draw the insulin (24 units). I administered the insulin in the presence of the registered nurse. The dose of 24 units was checked by me and registered nurse prior of administration of insulin. However, on the return to the ward it was found that patients blood glucose level has dramatically dropped from 14mmol/l to 3.5mmol/l. Registered nurse was immediately informed and when we both checked the medication chart again, it was found that patient has been administered 24 units of insulin instead of 2.4 units. Feelings: This incident was very disturbing for me. I felt disturbed and depressed about the medication error that took place. This incident made me realize the importance of going through the medication chart before administering medication. Studies have shown that insulin is very vital for the patients suffering with type 1 diabetes (Prescrire, 2014); therefore, it should be administered with care. Evidences have shown that most serious consequence of insulin related medication error is overdosing (Cobaugh et al, 2013). Therefore, I felt such insulin related medication errors could be life threatening for the patients. Evaluation: After evaluating the incident, I can say that something that went well was that the medication was administered in the presence of the registered nurse. Also, when the patients blood glucose level deteriorated, I informed the registered nurse immediately. Something that was very bad about this experience was that I and registered nurse did not observed the medication chart in proper manner. According to Wright (2013), reading the medication chart inappropriately and overdose of the medication can significantly increase the chances of morbidity and mortality in patients. Overdosing the patient and doing a medication error was very bad experience. Analysis: On the analysis of the event, it was proved that accuracy is paramount at the time of administering insulin. It is important to follow the correct procedure while performing a duty. For displaying the appropriate level of professionalism and to ensure the well-being of the patients, the correct dose of medication should be administered. This incident occurred because we did not go through the medication chart of the patient appropriately before administering the insulin. The study of Lan et al (2014) that overdose medication errors take place frequently in case of pediatric patients, because of knowledge deficiency, distraction and not checking the dose properly. Therefore, it can be said that such issues are happening because of the communication errors. The evidences have shown that the most common cause relating to communication involves misreading or not reading medication orders (Manias et al, 2014, p. 75). This is the reason of medication error in this incident. Conclusion: Some of the possible actions that can be taken for avoiding such incidents are properly reading the medication charts or medication orders. Nurses should also double check the dose given to patients before administering them. The policies and procedures of the healthcare institutions require nurses to read medication order and to cross check the dose of medication. Therefore, by sticking to policies and procedures of the healthcare setting can also help in reducing such medication errors. Action Plan: My future action plan for any such event will be remember the competency standard that are required for the nurse to fulfill. In future I will always check and will read the medication chart properly. I will also re-check the dose of the insulin twice, before administering it to the patient. I will also ensure that I have adequate understanding of the pharmacology, so that I may avoid medication errors. References Cobaugh, D. J., Maynard, G., Cooper, L., Kienle, P. C., Vigersky, R., Childers, D., ... Blum, F. (2013). Enhancing insulin-use safety in hospitals: Practical recommendations from an ASHP Foundation expert consensus panel.American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy,70(16). Lan, Y. H., Wang, K. W. K., Yu, S., Chen, I. J., Wu, H. F., Tang, F. I. (2014). Medication errors in pediatric nursing: Assessment of nurses' knowledge and analysis of the consequences of errors.Nurse education today,34(5), 821-828. Manias, E., Kinney, S., Cranswick, N., Williams, A. (2014). Medication errors in hospitalised children.Journal of paediatrics and child health,50(1), 71-77. Prescrire, E. S. (2014). Insulin use: preventable errors.Prescrire international,23(145), 14. Wright, K. (2013). The role of nurses in medicine administration errors.Nursing Standard,27(44), 35-40.

Over The Earth I Come The Souix Uprising Or 1862 Essays

Over The Earth I Come: The Souix Uprising Or 1862 I will admit that I am not much for reading. I will also admit after reading the first chapter in this book that I felt sick to my stomach, literally. That I feared reading the rest of the book knowing that this really happened and that people could actually do this to one another. Although the book disgusted me after the first chapter that I didn't want to read it anymore it also made me not want to put it down. It could have been the way the writer described everything made it all so vivid and clear or maybe it was the fact that it was so gruesome and real that I had to read it. Whatever the truth may be I thought it was a very good book. Up until this class I hadn't even heard of the Uprising. In my impression part of the book was the side of the Indians while part of it was the side of the ?white man's' view. It told of how it started, where it began, when it ended and how it ended. I feel as if the Indians had been changing their ways throughout the war. In the beginning they were killing anyone and everyone but, to a point, by the end of the war they were only killing the white males and were holding the women and children captive so to speak. Although I don't think the Indians needed to be hung for their crimes they should've been arrested and brought into jail. The white men needed to also take responsibility for their actions. It takes two people to start a fight no matter what it is about. Yes, it wasn't all of the white men who held back their annuity payment, but it was those men who insisted that they change their ways. The book was a well-researched and insightful narrative of the bloody uprising and the events which preceded it. It is another sad chapter in the history of the American West . All the shocking events took place during one week in August of 1862, in response to being tricked and betrayed by broken treaties, cheated continually by traders, and brought to the edge of starvation by delays in dispensing the government's annuity payments, the Santee Sioux had finally had enough. The Sioux left hundreds of settlers dead and turning forty thousand into refugees. From killings to burnings they did it all. The high point was reached over hens' eggs when warriors mocked as cowards after refusing to steal the eggs shot the hens' owner, his wife, and friends in cold blood. Faced with certain reprisals from whites, the most respected Sioux leader, Little Crow, sided with his war chiefs and the rampage began in earnest. Hundreds of isolated settlers in the area died, with only occasional prisoners taken, while massive attacks took place against the nearby Army garrison and the prosperous town of New Ulm. Even with superior numbers, these assaults failed, however, leaving many warriors dead and the rest disheartened. The Army quickly rounded up all the Sioux to be found, sentencing hundreds to death in military court without allowing them a defense. President Lincoln reduced the number of condemned to 38, who were duly hung. On December 26, 1862, those 38 Sioux Indians were executed for their part in uprisings. Book Reports